Relating to structures



T. E. RICHARDS. RELATING TO STRUCTURES. APPLICATION FILED APR. 1, I919- RENEWED'JULY 10. 1920.

Patented Aug. 17, 1920.

Inventor I y AL 5. W!

.dttorrzey.

PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS EDGAR RICHARDS, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

RELATING TO STRUCTURES.

Application filed April 1, 1919, Serial No. 286,631.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, THOMAS EDGAR RIGH- ARDS, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at 19 St. James street, London, S. W., England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements Relating to Structures, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to structures, and more especially to structures intended for the housing of aeroplanes, and has among its objects to provide a structure for the purpose which permits oi the aeroplane passing into the str cture from the front, and passing out through the back. Thus according to the invention the root is supported at the respective ends from the ground without any necessary intervening support, while at the eaves longitudinal members or purlins are provided for the reception of sliding doors or canvas whereby the structure may be readily opened at the front or at the back for the reception or the release of the machine.

The invention comprises the construction which is hereinafter described.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which-" Figure 1 is an elevation of a hangar provided according to the invention,

Fig. 2 is a corresponding plan,

Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation on the line cc00 Fig. 2, and

Fig. t is a corresponding end elevation.

In carrying the invention into effect according to one construction, I provide at each end of the structure a root truss 0. Supported from the ground upon posts or pillars Z). A pillar Z) is provided to support the truss at each end, and two or more pillars such as c 0 may be provided inrintermediate positions to extend upwardly to a point beneath the ends of intermediate ridge members (Z provided midway between the main ridge member or apex purlin e and the eaves purlins is on each side.

The truss a consists oi rafter members I, Z and m m, the posts j j, the horizontal member 11, posts 0 0 and 29 p and struts g r 1 and s s. In line with the truss, ralrers a are provided for support against transverse stresses.

At the points at which the side ridge members (Z are connected to the trusses a, the trusses a are supported by braced rakers or struts while moreover purlins h h and 2' i Specification of Letters Patent.

Renewed July 10, 1920. Serial No. 395,340.

extend longitudinally in intermediate positions between the main ridge member 6 and the side ridge members d and between the latter and the eaves purlins 7c is respectively, and braced rakers or struts are applied to and in line with the ends of the respective longitudinal members or purlins 7.: at the eaves, so as thus to give adequate support against endwise pressure.

The side ridge members (Z are braced, and for this purpose a number of vertical posts 7' 7' j may be provided at intervals in the length oi the respective side "idge members reaching to a point approximately level with the eaves purlins 7c and a little beneath the level of the horizontal member n or the trusses a, and a tension member or brace 01 may extend between the ends of the respective posts j j j and pass upwardly to the respective opposite ends of the respective ridge members (Z (Z.

The roof it will be understood consists of the main ridge member or apex purlin e and two-side ridge members (Z, the purlins h h and i 2'- and the eaves purlins 7e it, all of which are parallel, and the end trusses a and the corresponding trusses a; m w in intermediate positions of the form substantially the same as the end trusses a 5/, and consistingoi the same elements, but unsupported from the ground, there being no posts beneath these trusses a; a: Furthermore the trusses a; the posts 7' j y" of: each truss which correspond in position to posts of the end trusses, extend each a little below the horizontal member a for the reception of a shoe j with which the tension member 4) engages.

In the illustrated construction there being three lntermediate trusses m the two posts j y' ot the middle truss may have tension members to extending from the shoes at their lower extremities to the ridges d as illustrated in Fig. 3 in connection with one of the ridges (Z. By such means longitudinal trussed girders are formed each com-.

prising one of the ridge members d (Z and these form part of the transverse intermediate rafter trusses a? :0 Thus the roof is well adapted to carry its own weight supported upon the end trusses and to carry the weight of the canvas, tarpaulin or other roofing as well as to resist wind pressure from without.

Inasmuch as the interior of the structure is accessible to wind from a long open front or enforce the roof her.

tend from the respective horizontalmembers n of the end trusses to each of the ridge members (Z e (Z at a position corresponding to that of the ad acent intermediate truss 00,

while similar tension Inembersw 4.0 extend from the shoes j at the lower ends of posts y" of the said adjacent intermediate trusses.

0/: toward the middle of the roof where they are securcdzto the corresponding ridge memwill thus be understood that there are three sets of tension members Q0 at earh end and two sets oftension members co on each side of the middle of the structure. Betw :n the intermediate between the end trusses and the adjacent intermediate trusses rattermembers are disposed at intervals for the supporto'l the roonng. V

The r001 may be otherwise braced by such means as angular struts 2 while furthermore struts such as 1 may be provided between the end trusses and the respective ridge members and between the respecti e bridge members and the posts j j 1 runway 2 may be carried from the eaves, purlins 7: and this runway may extend across the ends of the structure on thesame the inside of trusses a (4, thus forming a runway 01. a substantially quadrilateral figure with curves of suitable radius at the corners, the parts of the runway mounted within the structure being disposed close to the end may be moved outward toward the ends of the hangar and on to the transversely disposed part of the runway into the interior-of the structure and'the other half to the other transversely disposed part of the runway at the opposite end, while similarly the sliding doors provided to completely close the back of the structure may pass outwardly and on the respective diverted parts of the runway mounted at the ends and within the structure, or instead separate runways may be providedin positions near-the respective ends of the structure, two runways tor the reception of the sliding doors from the front and the others for the reception oh the sliding doors from the back.

Cross bars 6, 7 and 8 may be provided.

trusses a; w w andlevel hung from he lower members 0; the end Serial'No.

' between the posts I) Z and 0 c at each end of the hangar n order to form canvas or other a support for material to extend over the wholeend including the end truss either on the inside or uponthe outside.

The elements of which the roof and trusses are formed may be made of timber. The central. ridge member'oi; ape); pnlflini e and the purlins it 72 i 2' and It 7; ma be pr-: vided as braced frames. as illustrated and these respective parts may be provided of corresponding parallel sections. to extend from.trussto truss. The ridge members (Z (Z and all the postsza-ndi members. forming the end trusses a a. and; the intermediate trusses. m x mare advantageously formed: of planks. of wood laid side to edge to form. a hollow rectangular section, the respectiveplanks being suitably secured. and bound together to. form an integral element. The ridge members (1 (Z are. ac vantageously provided; in sections of a. length corresponding to thesections of the purlins, while the rafter membersv 7 are advantageously provided. from plain timber. The respective parts forming the end and intermediatetrusses are. advantageously connected together and to the ends of the respective purlins. and. ridge members by suitable junction fittings inv a nsanner similar to. that described in the specification ot'fa pending; application, Serial No. 255,355, filed September; 23, 1.918. The roof may advantageously be lifted. into. position. in separate complete sections comprising parallel sections. of ridge members and purlins connected to the trusses and having the rafter. members. mounted in. posi-.

gentrys or by similar means The'whole.

root, however, completely constructed on the ground may be lifted from erecting towers temporarily or permanently forming apart or; the end trusses inthe mannerdescribed in the specification of a. pending application,

286,984, filed ApriliQ, 1919.

I claim:

1. In a structure-for housing aeroplanes, in combination, a main ridge member, side ridge members, braces therefor, cave purlins, braces for the whole, end trusses sup? porting. the ends of the ridgeand the braced roof whereby a clear open. space is left from end to end.

2. In a structure for housingaeroplanes, in combination, abraced main ridge member, braced side ridge members, end trusses, intermediate transverse trusses, eave purlins connecting and supported by the end and.

intermediate trusses, runways. supported on 3. In a structure for housing aeroplanes, in combination, braced ridge members, braced side ridge members, eave members, connecting said bracing means, end trusses, braces between the parts aforesaid, supports for the end members, runways on the eave members and the end trusses, and doors suspended in said runways, the doors being movable in the runways from the sides into the ends of the structure so that the sides may be opened.

at. In a structure for housing aeroplanes, in combination, a main ridge member, side ridge members, braces therefor, eave members, braces tying all together, end supports, braces for said end supports, the bracing for the ridge members being secured to said supports, a quadrilateral shaped continuous runway supported in the eaves and end members, and doors suspended in said runway by means of which doors and runway the sides may be closed or opened completely so that an aeroplane may enter at one side and leave at the other, the interior being unobstructed.

5. In a structure for housing aeroplanes, in combination, a ridge member, posts and tension members extending below and bracing said member, eave members, the posts of said ridge member extending to or below the level of the eave members, intermediate members and bracing end trusses, bracing for said end trusses and means whereby a braced end supported roof is provided, and means whereby the sides may be completely closed or may be left entirely open for the entrance and exit of an aeroplane passing through from side to side.

6. A roof structure, comprising a plurality of spaced trussed girders, end supports for said girders, and a plurality of transverse trusses united with and supported by said trussed girders, vertical members of said trussed girders forming members of said transverse trusses, and said transverse trusses extending at each end thereof beyond the adjacent girders as cantalivers.

7. A roof structure, comprising a plurality of spaced trussed girders, end supports for said girders, and a plurality of transverse trusses united with and supported by said trussed girders, vertical members of said trussed girders forming members of said transverse trusses, and said transverse trusses extending at each end thereof beyond the adjacent girders as cantalivers, eave purlins connecting the ends of said transverse trusses, additional purlins connecting said transverse trusses between the girders and between the girders and the cave purlins, and rafters between the transverse trusses carried by said purlins and the girders.

THOMAS EDGAR RICHARDS. 

